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Dutch DPA Imposed a Controversial Fine on the Royal Dutch Tennis Association

HL Chronicle of Data Protection

The lower acceptable under the law threshold is also applied by the European Court of Justice (CJEU), the text of the GDPR, and European DPAs. For example, under these stricter standards, DPAs could argue that the interest in (direct) marketing in general does not explicitly follow from a legal norm. A few examples are shown below.